Mary Ellen Pleasant: From Enslavement to Millionaire & Abolitionist

How did Mary Ellen Pleasant use her business success to fight for civil rights and social justice?

Mary Ellen Pleasant transformed her life from being born into slavery to becoming the first Black woman self-made millionaire on the West Coast. During the Gold Rush, she invested in laundries, restaurants, and boarding houses — building extraordinary wealth.

She used her fortune to fight for civil rights, secretly funding abolitionist causes and challenging segregation in San Francisco.

Mary Ellen Pleasant portrait
Mary Ellen Pleasant, ca. 1901. Image source: Women and the American Story Website.

Discover how Pleasant turned business success into social change and became known as the Mother of Civil Rights in California.